The strategies( taxation) used to reduce tobacco related harms Essay

The strategies( receipts) used to reduce tobacco related harms - Essay idealThe rationale for increased taxation of tobacco products is that higher taxes testament translate into high prices for tobacco products. Proponents of this dodging opine that when tobacco products have higher prices, the demand is likely to decrease. Many countries have implemented this dodge as one of the causal agents of addressing increase tobacco consumption (Cowie, Glover, & Gentles, 2014). Worth noning is the fact that tobacco consumption contributes to a remarkable percentage of deaths. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the efficiency of the taxation strategy for reducing tobacco consumption. This melodic theme will evaluate the efficiency of the taxation strategies on tobacco consumption, relying on evidence-based research. There is evidence that taxation strategies do not contribute to a significant reduction of tobacco smoking, as this paper will highlight.As highlighted above, the rationale for increasing taxation on tobacco products is based on the fact that tobacco consumption is proving to be one of the most critical public health threats in the twenty-first century. fit in to future projections, the globe will register 1.6 billion smokers if effective strategies for reducing smoking are not implemented. Many countries have recognized the tobacco epidemic and are putting in measures in an effort to reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption (Gigliotti, Figueiredo, Madruga, Marques, Pinsky, Caetano, & Laranjeira, 2014). As mentioned previously, increasing tobacco taxes is viewed as one of the outflank strategies that can register positive results in reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption. The World Bank has back up the initiative of introducing increased taxes on tobacco products. Proponents of this strategy believe that it can register positive outcomes in various populations. Governments that have implemented this strategy also achieve assoc iated revenue goals through

The Transformation Model of Commnication in Cotrast to Transmission Mo Essay

The Transformation Model of Commnication in Cotrast to Transmission Model - Essay Example confabulation takes stick when a sender encodes a message and sends it through the communication channel which can be bear upon by noise or some sort of interferences. When the intend recipient receives and decodes the message then the intended person may or may not provide feedback as a result. The communication run completes once the intended receiver is able to decode or understand the senders message (Littlejohn, 2008).The transmission model of communication is a model which is designed for reducing communication to a outgrowth of transmitting information. This memory access is also known as an informational approach to communication. This model was presented by Shannon and Weaver in 1949 which was discussed in detail by Chandler on one his text (Sudakshina). The transmission model consists of the following quintette elementsAny noise which interferes with the traveling message is a d ysfunctional element which can either be familiar or external. Internal noise arises from the receivers knowledge, attitudes and beliefs whereas external noise is which comes from other sources. These internal and external noises can strengthen the intended message or in other words, can break the intended effect.The alternatives to the transmissive models of communication are transformational or gainive approaches. These perspectives are designed in order to construct a meaningful message by initiators and interpreters rather than just simply transmitting (Werner Joseph Severin, 2001).Transformative Communication is an approach which is a creative communication process in which people are challenged, empowered and inspired to depart belief systems and behaviors. All these transformations are done for facing challenges, discover prospects and opportunities in a changing environment. Transformative Communication is used to support daily activities, peace, conflict resolution, emp owerment, healing and more. (Swartz, 2008)Transformative Communication was developed byMarshall Rosenberg with the fillet of sole intention of creating peace through speech and communication.

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

administrator Summary - Essay ExampleA 2003 study by the National Center for Education Statistics prove that at least 52% of Miami-Dade struggled to complete basic skills like reading a menu or a bus schedule. In our research, we found that the percentage of those living below the poverty line in different categories of Miami population are as follows 36.8% of minorren, 35.1% of married-couple families, 10.5% of single resurrect families with no wife and 54.4% of single parent families without husband. There is need for creating opportunities that git enable the low-income families learn computer skills that can lead to better cable opportunities. This will also equip the parents with the necessary resource. There is also need to motivate each child to achieve his or her dream despite his/her financial situation. A greater impact can be realized by sponsoring Kiwanis Club in Little Havana. Based on this, we have decided that we can help Kiwanis Club by implementing ideas to rai se funds or computer donations in order to appear this great

The Science and Art of Managing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Science and trick of Managing - Assignment ExampleOn a broader setting, the bind appends an in-depth knowledge pertaining to the importance of structured brass sections and the process through which they operate. In addition, it also highlighted the importance of planning along with organization which plays a actually important usage. Psychological facets such as motivation net prove to provide great deal of substantiate to the employees in enhancing their performance in the organizations. It also plays a leading role in influencing the employees in order to reach their individual goals along with the goals of the organization. On a different context, the phrase showcased the managers need to perform multiple tasks and responsibilities in the organization. Additionally, managers are also liable to get respect ground on their take aim of expertise. However, they are also liable for practicing different aspects of worry that vary as per the level of difficulty. The a rticle provided a basic idea pertaining to the factor that managerial authorities need to earn the curse of the management to function in an operative manner (Weiss, 2007). B. CRITIQUE The Science and Art of Managing The Science and Art of Managing written by W. H. Weiss provided with a lot of valuable insights ab come out of the closet management. The overall analysis will be followed by a critique in relation to the facts gathered from the above mentioned article. While providing a sum-up of the article, all those important elements pertaining to the organizational traits have been learnt. The article additionally provided a great deal of support in order to attain a fair amount of knowledge regarding the basic principles of management. The article very well showed the different functions that managers need to perform however there were no practical aspects of management functions that were noticed. Providing managerial examples from real organizations would have proved to be ve ry beneficial. It would have resulted in the enhancement of the quality of the article as well. It dope be critically acclaimed that the article provided a strong base of theoretical knowledge however it cannot be fully employ in practical terms as there were no such readings determining the applicability of all the approaches in the practical fields. Different principles along with diverse management functions highlighted upon the multiple roles which managers have to perform in order to operate in a well-organized manner. All of these aspects were showed in a proper format however, the article did not highlight any instances which prove that all these aspects were applied in real organizations to trigger high amount of output (Weiss, 2007). In relation to the professional opinion, it can be said that management and business experience can facilitate an individual to carry out decisive managerial roles in an efficient manner. Management principles are vital in an organizational c ontext as it enables to demarcate the specific needs for a set of employees based on their inherent traits. Moreover, it can be affirmed that management skills are required to function in an operative manner as managerial functions require prompt decision in varying critical circumstances. It can be critically stated that although managers need to perform an assortment of roles in an organizational context however the level of victory in these roles can be ascertained by their expertise and inherent skills. Contextually, the aspect of motivation as a key determinant

Design of Stormwater Drainage System Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Design of Stormwater Drainage strategy - Term Paper ExampleIn line with this, the engineers performing such work are evaluate ethically to perform the work through high standards of honesty and integrity given that the profession has the necessary impact on the quality of life of the people. Secondly, the services provided in the design of the stormwater drainage/storage body require the highest degrees of honesty, impartiality, fairness and equity. Above all, the construe must be dedicated towards the protection of the health of the public, as well as their sentry go and welfare. Hence, under the standards of professional behavior, the design engineers must exhibit the highest principles of ethical acquit (Dym & Little, 2000).Morality on the other hand requires adherence towards the laws that governs the design and construction of the stormwater storage systems. This requires that all the stakeholders of the project right from the engineers, the workers and the community abid e by the law guiding the same (Whitbeck, 1998). This law in almost cases is guided by the natural flow rule, which requires acceptance for the benefit of all by the parties affected encase of this project.Ethics in the handling of the design of the stormwater storage system requires that a high degree of morals be upheld. This is due to the sensitivity of water as a resource and the ethics is concerning creation of safety most so to the users of this resource. One of the interests comes with the interests of the interested parties like the political class who shelve individual interests. This may compromise the quality of the storage systems since the engineers may be compromised if not for anything then due to intimidation (Schrier & Gibson, 2011). The point that the storage system designed is likely to serve a wider region also presents a dilemma. The planners may be overwhelmed about the control of the resource in terms of who is bestowed the control. Is it the government o r

An Introduction to Analytical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An intro to Analytical Writing - Essay ExampleThe satirical essay is, with aside a single doubt, very informative. universe a media practitioner, the author was able to expound his thesis by giving substantial information nearly the current state of affairs. These pieces of information are glaring examples of how the current crop of people in the sexual intercourse utilizes mass media to mask the more exacting problems that need to be resolved like budget deficit, health care, and of course the presence and involvement of the United States in Iraq. All these problems are veiled with what assemblings to the hearts of everyone morals and righteousness.Why and how does this whole kit and caboodle happen Simple. Based on my own reckoning, the representatives are disposed(p) enough not to know how to safely deceive and bewilder their unknowing constituents. Indeed by conducting hearings that appeal to everyones heart, they can shift the peoples attention from the very core of the problem down to the ones that bob in and out of the social strata. As most of us probably know, people generally react to situations directly bear on them and their parochial needs.

Frederic Chopin And Polonaises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frederic Chopin And Polonaises - Essay ExampleThe Polonaise first appeared in Poland around the sixteenth century as a court dancing that is sort of a upgrade where all the company passes in a stream and then defiles in pairs with movements. He left cardinal works in the genre with sixteen delicate Polonaises, one for piano and cello and one for piano and orchestra. Their style changed over time evolving from conventional salon miniatures to some expansive dance poems. Chopin started a newly chapter in the history of the genre with the Polonaises, Op. 26. Henceforth, he abandoned conventional stylizations. Each of the seven works has its get distinctive shape, pianistic expression, and style. The features of an authentic polonaise are 3/4 time, typical rhythmic formulas, a entertain tempo and a distinguished character (Ted, 22). He completed 2 Polonaises in 1835, Op. 26, in C sharp minor and Polonaise in E flat minor, marked by strong dramatic elements. In 1838-1839 he composed 2 Polonaises, Op. 40in A major and C minor. The A major has features of the heroic polonaise tour the C minor is elegiac and tragic in expression. The other three polonaises are grand dance poems which are removed from earlier conventions of the genre and form. In1841 he composed Polonaise in F sharp minor, Op. 44. It is taut in its epic-dramatic gesture as to the idea of Romantic fantasy as well as it is funny in the appearance of a mazurka in its middle section which is a contrasting lyrical passage. In 1842-1843 he composed Polonaise in A flat major, Op. 53.

Explain how you will conduct an effective reference check Essay

Explain how you will conduct an effective book of facts check - Essay Exampleshall try to first build my own opinion about the employee by reviewing his/her profiles, activities, memberships, and social circles on social media and social networking websites and then get the opinion of the umpire on these subjects. I shall subsequently compare my own opinion to that of the referee to find out if his/her opinion supports or contradicts mine. I may or may not need to reach out to more referees depending upon the outcome of the comparison. I shall also carry out research at my own level about the referee from whom I am getting opinion about the employee. Using my resources and social media, I shall try to assess whether the referee actually serves in the position and location as suggested by the employee or not. I shall not plainly share with the referee my name, position, place, and organization, but also the roles and responsibilities attached to the position I am considering the ca ndidate for trance seeking referees opinion about the

Anthrolpology - Illegal Immigration and the Mexican people (research Essay

Anthrolpology - Illegal Immigration and the Mexican people (research paper) - Essay Example umpteen have, however, attempted to deny access to housing, schools, medical treatment and social programs to non-citizens. Some argue that U.S. laws apply to all(prenominal) within its borders, legally or not such as the Fifth Amendment right to due go of law. The laws certainly apply to all when they are broken. The federal government, to no ones surprise, has been no help. For example, the scrub ecesis has long supported some form of amnesty which has enraged those that are opposed to wrong aliens living, working or going to school in the U.S.On the other hand, the administration also endorses the patriot Act which denies constitutionally guaranteed rights to all people and further punishes immigrants in the effort to win the war on terror. The right answer escapes the government and many others as well because of the issues many complexities. This word will examine the immigration reach from a legal, economic and social view. It will present the administrations answer to the problem along with an opposing opinion. It will also speak to laws germane to the debate including a brief review of the PATRIOT Act, the Fifth Amendment regarding due process and the Fourteenth Amendment which relates to automatic citizenship by birth.The fundamental reason for the flood of immigration from Latin America, specifically Mexico, is the disintegration of the Mexican economy preponderantly resulting from free-trade strategies employed by the North American Free Trade Agreement and the International Monetary stock (IMF). The rampant corruption within the Mexican government has also contributed significantly to the collapse of the Mexican economy. collect to IMF policies regarding Mexico, its economic output dropped 33 percent in the past two decades (Small, 2005). During this period, its foreign debt rose 359

Psycology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Psycology in Education - Essay ExampleI remember how bingle of the science instructors in my elementary school practice sessiond classical conditioning to set about a compulsive nurture environment. When teachers scold young learners despite the f scrap that they may be having psychological problems, anxiety shows whenever teacher enters the classroom. By using the effective tool of classical conditioning, as a teacher I lead try eliminating the link between my students big past learning experiences and anxiety. For this, I go forth first pass judgment the general outlook and mood of every young learner for applying myriad psychological techniques later in order to remove the weaknesses I might notice in them. Then, I will subtly twosome the stimulus of test with encouraging words so that the anxiety my students might feel upon being asked a question could get replaced with positive conditioned response of confidence. That is how I deem classical conditioning to act as a b enefit for me because I think it will help me remove negative stimuli to develop positive behavior. Now, instrumental conditioning is another development theory and the probability of how long this tool could extreme when applied to education could depend on the severity of reward or punishment. Instrumental conditioning muckle be used to both strengthen and repress a certain good or bad behavior by way of encouragement or reprimand, respectively. I find it to be relevant in my instructional setting because from my own past learning experience I have learned that teachers grass play a huge role in either repressing or strengthening a certain behavior in the classroom. Some of my students might have an annoying habit of talking forever in the classroom and showing aggression when reprimanded... This make-up approves that authoritarian teaching style proves to be nephrotoxic for the diverse learners as challenges are not handled appropriately and objectives fail to be met. That is why I hold still for to develop a learning activity for my instructional setting that would adhere to the learner-centered approach. I will use the learner-centered instruction strategy of problem-based thinking to serve as the backbone of my learning activity devised for the 9th graders in custody. Problem-based learning challenges the students to work in team so that everyone develops the ability to relate with people and social anxiety could be reduced. A learning activity in which puzzling questions are directed at the learners in the hold that they collaborate with one another energetically to solve different dilemmas would suit my instructional setting the most. This paper makes a conclusion that In response to this type of learning activity, my students will learn to enjoy the benefits of change magnitude cooperation and find answers to certain problems they might come across during the learning process by themselves. There will be heightened curiosity to find answers, increased mental stimulation, and strengthened academic interest to participate. All these features clear highly important elements of problem-based learning. Students feel more engaged in the classroom and remain more fire during the lectures when presented with some effective problem-based learning questions which should be preferably puzzling in nature.

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discussion Question - Essay ExampleCulture of people varies as per their countries. Therefore leading movement is different in various countries. In this essay the leadership flare of Japan, Korea and China are discussed in detailed. All of these countries are in Asian continent but these countries make up different leadership styluss.Japan is one of the giant economic powers of the world. The country has developed its own leadership and management practices which matches with its culture. This country believes in capitalism ideology. This ideology helps Japan to preserve its culture against westernization. The leadership style of Japan is different from other countries. Power distance among Japanese people is high. Japanese people roost in a collective society. Therefore the leaders of Japan motivate the people in together with doing a clear. The leaders are very much respected by Japanese people. Participative leadership style is mostly followed by the leaders of this coun try. Another name of participative leadership is democratic leadership. In this type of leadership the team members take vital part in assisting the team leaders in making stopping point and strategies. The values and inputs of the team members are considered as important by the leaders1. The final decision is taken by the leader but the team members have strong involvement in the decision making process. In Japanese organizations and institution the leaders prefer to work collectively with the team members. The leaders communicate oftentimes with the team members for achieving the goals and objective of the team. The team members coordinate actively with the team leaders for completing whatsoever work successfully. The Japanese leaders always motivate the team members in performing their job efficiently. The opinions and the ideas given by the team members are considered as very important by the leaders. So while developing any strategy or decision the Japanese leaders analyze t he views and

Xbox Introduction of Kinect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Xbox Introduction of Kinect - Essay ExampleIt makes halting controllers reduce their engagement of buttons and makes gaming as immediate and efficient as possible. The appurtenance interprets voice commands and allows its partrs to easily play games in the absence of a game controller (Webb & Ashley, 2012). The devise also senses the movements of its user and also allow them to bark orders. Microsoft also plans to set quick room chats with its Kinect product introduced in the commercialise. Microsoft, therefore, intended to use the Kinect to face the competition from other forms of fun including medicament players, mobile phones as well as tablets. In developing the product, Microsoft utilise a number of methodologies. The troupe used the E3 convention for video games to announce its products and expansion strategies. It announced the addition of the Kinect add-on for the Xbox 360 to boost entertainment for video game players. Microsoft used social events as ways of market the product. The use of the Xbox 360 to announce events as sports was a major way of developing the product. This included the national basketball association and other events as the national hockey league. The leagues made their programming packages available to fans using the Xbox cost. This increased the use of Xbox 360 and consequently the Kinect add-on for the gadget.... Microsoft also used the annual expo for electronic entertainment to market its product. The company showcased its new market entries. The announcement by Microsoft to link with Nike to launch a training program for fitness by the use of Kinect was among the ways in which Microsoft developed the product. Through the device, the fitness of a person is detectable. The company also used the international consumer electronic shows to develop their Kinect product in the market. Laying down formal rules to allow true commercial use of the product was a great methodology used by Microsoft. These include the Kinect-c entric experiments gear at reaching a significant share of the market for the product. The use of the product from Microsoft to enable live advertising was a significant step in developing the product. This was through the use of interactive NUads back up by Kinect. The use of Kinect in classroom also formed a significant market among students. Students could use it to learn by collaborating in projects through the support of avatars. This supported distance learning. Through the different ways of developing the product, it garnered considerable market dominance. It was among the products of the company that made the highest sales within the fastest time later its introduction into the market (Walker, 2012). The development of the product, therefore, was successful given the high sales realized within the shortest time. The advanced nature of the software rendered it unbearable for hackers to interfere with the components. The fancy video cameras present in the device specify off its hackers. It also had a depth sensor that was sophisticated for hackers to duplicate. Since all the properties of

Downgrade Warning Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Downgrade ensample - Term Paper ExampleAccording to the report J.P. Morgan Tells Analysts To Warn of a Downgrade analysts independence is negatively affected when it needs to clearly communicate to the comp all and the client banker the reason behind specific assembly line recommendations. Analysts argon warned from conducting negative research and some sures penalize investors for recommending sale options. What exactly does Peter Houghtons memo submit? Does the memo say that analysts should compromise their independence? How does the memo raise questions about analysts independence? Does it stumble any difference whether analysts arent pressured to change recommendations, but only to make factual changes?Ans) The memo of Peter Houghton does not immediately point to analysts independence. The memo states that analysts should consult the company and the client banker before fashioning recommendations to an investor. Also the analyst should both accept the request of the resea rch note recommended by the firm or should clearly communicate to the firm as to why it cannot follow those recommendations. Yes, there is difference between asking analyst to change recommendations and making factual changes. What are the buy spatial relation and sell placement? Why magnate the sell side be unwilling to make sell recommendations on stocks? If the buy side has its own analysts, would the buy side ever look at sell side analysts reports?Ans) The buy side and the sell side are the two types of analysts. Sell recommendation is considered as a part of negative research which affects the firm negatively so the sell recommendation on stocks is viewed in a negative manner. Sell-side analysts typically work for full-service broker-dealers and make recommendations on the securities they cover. Buy-side analysts typically work for institutional money managers that purchase securities for their own accounts (Analyzing Analyst Recommendations para. 6). Why might sell

Term Limits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

marches Limits - Research Paper ExampleMy point of discussion is that even with all the modern varietys and also the change in lifestyle, there is still the presence of racial and social aspects in the United States sexual copulation. In much(prenominal)(prenominal) a developed country, there should not be the existence of much(prenominal) things. Take for instance the absolute majority of the people who hold the major offices. It is safe to say that majority of those who hold the top positions in the congress are either all of a certain race of are for a certain ethnic group2.As a factor to consider, there should be equal opportunities for all races and also for people of incompatible ethnic groups. An analysis can be done in order to determine which offices face such problems. This will enable for there to be a solution that will ensure that there are no such incidences of the congress in the future. Such incidences are bound to separate the congress3.As a conclusion for this essay, such incidences should not exist, and in particular they should not exist in such a modern and advanced country. There should be laws that govern and guide such behavior in the congress. The congress should lead people by example, and as such should not be in the spotlight for such

Writing assignment on a short story titled The Street That Got Mislaid

Writing on a pithy story titled The course That Got Mislaid - Assignment ExampleMarc was in a dilemma whether to allow the world know about the obscure street or non but he chose not to do so considering the fact that his whizz decision can destroy the world of several pile who have consistently struggled throughout their lives. It was a very sensible decision and the one which should be lauded. accept in yourself, is another very important theme in the story, Marc was condoned by his tenants and his subordinates but he unplowed believing in his knowledge and one day the breakthrough came and it changed his life and perception for the better, similarly it is a lesson for all those who get negative in life. Staying positive has always helped other people and it is also the unwrap to success, Marc found solace by finding accommodating people, his new neighbors were also very kind-hearted and cared for him unlike his agent neighbors who never respected his existence.Making infor med decisions is also really important we flip the right decisions when we make informed decisions. Marc could have easily let the other people know about the old letter and the same would have had disastrous consequences but he decided to go and see the obscure street, one informed decision of his also changed the lives of several people who were living in that obscure street.All of them, it seemed, had had their troubles, their losings and failures, before they found themselves in this place of refuge, this Green Bottle Street. To Marc, conscious of his own unsatisfactory existence, it sounded entrancing. He fingered the card in his pocket uncertainly. Mr. Plonsky and Mr. Flanagan took a great liking to each other, Miss Trusdale continued. two of them have been travelers and they like to talk about the things they have seen. Miss Hunter plays the piano and gives us concerts. (The Street that Got Mislaid)Marc was particularly kind to these people because they reminded of his

The concept of hell makes no sense discuss Essay Example for Free

The concept of hell makes no sense discuss turn out brilliance is said to be a wicked place of suffering and a place where immoral souls ar punished. In the Christian Bible blazing is descri hand over as a place of come off and brimstone. As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it leave behind be at the end of the age. The son of man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his domain everything that causes sin and all in all who do evil. They will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be express feelings and gnashing of teeth, (Matthew 1340-42, quoting Jesus). This passage describes how evil people who act unmorally and sinful will be picked out and discard into the fiery depths of nether region.Most new-fashioned Christians would see Hell as the eternal punishment for unrepentant sinners, as well as for the Devil and his demons. Fundamentalists deal that evil doers and non-religious people would go straight to Hell. Most mode rn Christians would believe that Hell is a spiritual notion of physical suffering or material fire. They believe many biblical images of Hell are non-literal and Hel is more a state of separation from God. Although not all Christians would agree with this modern judgement.Fundamentalists believe the Bible to speak the absolute truth and take the descriptions and images of Hell told in the Bible as the truth. Therefore they would believe all non God believers would go straight to Hell and any corpse who isnt a believer would not be saved, as Jesus stated in Johns gospel, I am the management the truth and the life, no man cometh unto the father, scarce by me. (John 146). This would mean a relatively low-spirited number of the population are to be saved.Exclusivist Christians follow a similar view to fundamentalists although exclusivist Christians are untold stricter in there views. They believe anyone who doesnt follow the Bible would be sent to Hell. Therefore everyone who isnt Christian and withal some Christians who take the modern view of the Bible. This would mean an even smaller population would be saved. discordant interpretations of the torments of Hell exist, ranging from fiery pits of wailing sinners to lonely isolation from Gods presence. In Islam Muslims believe in Jahannom (resembles the versions of Hell in Christianity). In there holy book the Quran there are descriptions of a fiery Hell, and in contrast a garden like paradise which resembles Heaven.Another worship which has a different view of Hell and Heaven in Hinduism. In Hinduism there are many contradictions as too whether Hell exists. This is because Hindu philosophy is concentrated on reincarnation, which is the disembodied soul casting out one body and taking on others. The process which decides the nature of this is karma and the deeds that are preformed in this life will tempt the next incarnation. Therefore most Hindus believe in Hell being a metaphor for a conscience, although there are versions of Hinduism which do believe in the concept of Hell. They believe people who commit paap (sin) will go to Hell to go through a series of punishments are reborn according to their Karma.Richard Dawkins is a British ethologist, an evolutionary theorist, and an established writer. Dawkins is an Atheist and in his book the God delusion he attacks religion and the existence of God. Dawkins concentrates on the teaching of Hell in two main religions Christianity and Islam in a boob tube documentary the root of all evil, he likens the teaching of Hell as to child abuse as some churches such as the one he visited in America scared children into believing they would go to hell if they didnt believe in God and follow the bible word for word.He also interviewed an Islamic extremist who explained that the main aim of the terrorist attacks which take place were because young Muslims believe they will die a martyrs death and receive the ultimate prize after death which is to r each paradise and have all there needs and needs met as a reward. Richard Dawkins explains how he believes that this is indoctrination and dangerous for people to believe in. Karl Marx also had a similar view to that of Richard Dawkins. Marx suggested that religion and the idea of Hell was used as a kind of amicable control over the people to keep them in there place morally.John hick is a contemporary British philosopher and theologian. Hick is a liberal Christian who is against the concept of Hell. He argues that the idea of Hell is something that Humanity could achieve on earth without the need for a reality in the next world. Hick believed that life is a journey towards death but the journey does not stop there but continues after death as does the divine purpose to make us more perfect.Another careen which is brought virtually is the conflicting ideas that you could be evil and religious all your life and on your death bed repent and get into heaven, which is unfair when th ere are non-religious people who choke morally good lives and are told they wouldnt get to heaven because they werent religious. Immanuel Kant said there is no justice in this world. Kant said that people desire the Summum Bonum which is to achieve where virtue and happiness could coincide. Therefore God and the afterlife must exist to bring about the Summum Bonum and you need the existence of Hell to bring justice in the universe.In conclusion taking in all these accounts what you personally believe can be dependant on many factors such as, what your parents believed, your family background, where you live for example in Europe there is a higher proportion of Catholicism and Christianity than in the place East where Religion such as Islam are practiced. Therefore in answer to the question concepts of Hell make no sense, depending on your faith, the strength of that faith, the beliefs of people around you and where you live your opinions may vary on the idea of Hell.